If you just think about the front end of the car only to keep things simpler this is the effect of bump and rebound
Too much front bump: stiffer front feel car will have minimal nose dive under breaking.
Too little front bump: softer front feel car will nose dive heavily under breaking and will have lot more roll in the corners.
Too much rebound in the front car under breaking will come back from the nose dive lot quicker to its original platform
Too little rebound under braking in the front car will stay nose dived for a long time i am not saying for a day but it will feel like you are doing an endo on a bike especially if you have the bump on soft setting. That also causes the rear tires to get lighter and may even cause rears to lock up.
Lets go to rear now and think about acceleration
Too much bump in the rear under acceleration, car wont squat since its way too stiff, the weight stays more to the front of the car. I think this is what s4 needs personally.
Too little bump in the rear under acceleration car will squat really good tranfering all the weight to the rear and may cause the front get lighter under heavy accell there fore causing corner exit throttle induce understeer which i think S4 suffers from.
Too much rebound in the rear under acceleration keeps the weight transfer to the front more, even the small squatting gets back to normal immediately, meaning car keeps it pre acceleration platform
Too little rebound in the rear car will squat under acceleration heavily especially if this compunds with soft bump settings in the rear. Ass of the car will stay down longer. In a corner this helps eliminating you shitting your pants with massive throttle induced over steer but with that may come nasty understeer.
I hope this helps explaining bump and rebound in a nut shell.