I think we have all seen this from time to time. You go for a nice long drive and then BAM a low Oil light and you just found out that your car ate a good amount of oil.
Its always hard to pin point what is going on with every car in every situation. While there can always be 50 other things that can be considered something to look into. The main starters would be what Im listing below.
First thing is to consider the oil your using. The thinner your oil is the more it can breakdown. The more it will breakdown the more likely you are to have the oil actually pass the rings over long constant RPMs. This is common on just about any car. Its going to be a little more so on the Aluminum blocks. The blocks are prone to warp this causes a more oval take to the boar, this leaves the thin oil a chance to get into the combustion side of the cylinder and then eaten on the power stroke.
Next is the PCV system. Lots of S4s have a PCV system that likes to eat oil one week and then seal up and not eat oil for weeks at at time. I know there is a member here who actually put on a brand new PCV system only to find the NEW OEM PCV system to actually be faulty and by extension contributed to eating oil.
Last is check those crank seals along with the ever scary Valve cover gaskets
http://audirevolution.net/addons/albums/images/231902678.jpg
This next picture shows a cylinder that would still do well on a compression test but is typical to eating bits of oil. The lines in the wall are not good. There more prone to only let the thin thin broken down oil by. This motor could still be used for thousands and thousands of miles as long as the walls didn’t get worse. Still this is an example of how there is passages for oil to sneak by
http://audirevolution.net/addons/albums/images/911798652.jpg