Well just to leave an update, the engine is running well now with new timing components. Still don’t know what that piece was but it seems to be fine.
I am having a problem with vag-com, though. I can’t monitor anything because I can only stay connected to the engine control module for about 30 seconds before I get an error that says “no response from controller” and takes me back to the main menu. Other modules usually work but occasionally give me the same error, or another one that says, iirc, “too many communications errors to continue.” This happened before I pulled the motor with multiple laptops, so I don’t think it’s a connection problem with something that I had removed. I’ve tried multiple different laptops again, all with the latest version of vag-com, and have tried everything in their faq for communications errors. I’ll probably have to contact them for further tech support but I thought I’d ask here first if there is anything specific to our cars that commonly causes this to happen? I also saw a lot of different short to ground/plus codes come up before I pulled the motor, from a lot of different components which seemed weird, but since then I’ve only see that code come up for the outside air temp sensor which doesn’t seem so weird as it’s been happening intermittently for a while